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OAE Middle Grades Social Studies - Test Reviews Sample Questions

Which of the following is BEST defined by the political "far left" or "far right"?





Correct Answer:
radical.
in the context of political ideologies, terms like "far left" and "far right" are used to describe the extreme ends of the political spectrum. each term represents a distinct set of beliefs and ideologies that are significantly more intense or radical compared to more moderate or centrist positions. below, we'll explore the concepts listed in the question to determine which one is best defined by the political "far left" or "far right."

**liberal.** the term "liberal" typically refers to ideologies that emphasize freedom, democracy, and individual rights. liberals generally advocate for policies that increase government intervention in the economy to promote social welfare, yet they support civil liberties, human rights, and democratic governance. although liberalism is more commonly associated with the left side of the political spectrum, it is not typically considered "far left" as it tends to support a mixed economy rather than extreme forms of government intervention or control.

**socialist.** socialism is a political and economic theory where the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. this ideology is often associated with the "far left" because it seeks to radically transform capitalist societies into ones where wealth and power are distributed more equally among the population. socialists may advocate for revolutionary changes to society and the economy, aligning more closely with the "far left" compared to liberalism.

**radical.** radicalism involves the desire for drastic political, economic, or social reforms. a radical viewpoint can exist on both the far left and the far right of the political spectrum. for example, radical leftists might seek to completely overhaul a capitalist system in favor of a socialist or communist one, whereas radical rightists might pursue extreme nationalist or authoritarian policies. because radicalism itself encompasses both extremes, it is not specific to either the far left or far right but is defined by the level of change sought in any direction.

**communist.** communism is an ideology based on the ideas of common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money, and the state. as a more extreme form of socialism, communism is typically placed on the "far left" of the political spectrum. communists advocate for a revolutionary overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of a classless society, which aligns with the far-left ideology.

to answer the original question, among the terms provided—"liberal," "socialist," "radical," and "communist"—the term "communist" is the best defined by the political "far left." communism advocates for a radical transformation of society to eliminate class structures and private ownership, which are core to far-left ideology. on the other hand, "radical" can be associated with both "far left" and "far right," depending on the specific nature of the beliefs and objectives involved.

All of the following are characteristics of the Qin Dynasty, EXCEPT:





Correct Answer:
gunpowder gave the empire a strong military advantage over its enemies.
the question asks to identify which statement among the listed is not a characteristic of the qin dynasty. let's analyze each statement for accuracy regarding the qin dynasty’s historical context.

the repeated statement, "gunpowder gave the empire a strong military advantage over its enemies," suggests that gunpowder was a significant factor in the qin military strategy. however, this is historically inaccurate for the qin dynasty period. gunpowder was not invented until later during the tang dynasty, around the 9th century. since the qin dynasty (221-206 bce) predates the invention of gunpowder by almost a millennium, this statement is factually incorrect and does not describe a characteristic of the qin dynasty.

the statement about the qin dynasty beginning the construction of the great wall of china and its system of governance based on legalism is accurate. qin shi huang, the first emperor of the qin dynasty, indeed initiated the building of the great wall as a means to prevent invasions from northern tribes. moreover, legalism was the official philosophy adopted during his reign, which emphasized strict laws and harsh punishments as necessary to maintain order in society. this included extreme measures like burning books that conflicted with legalist principles and burying alive scholars who opposed the regime.

the descriptions of the harsh measures taken against those who offended the emperor or expressed prohibited thoughts are also accurate. these actions reflect the authoritarian nature of qin shi huang’s rule and his efforts to consolidate power and suppress dissent. the burning of books and execution of scholars are well-documented events that exemplify the brutal enforcement of legalist principles during the qin dynasty.

the statement about "a long-connected chain of fortifications was built to protect the borders of the empire" refers again to the construction of the great wall, which was indeed an initiative started during the qin dynasty to defend against northern invasions. this fortification was later expanded and enhanced by subsequent dynasties.

finally, the statement about "rigorous strictures were stringently enforced to constrain the essentially wanton nature of its subjects" accurately reflects the legalist ideology that underpinned qin governance. the belief that humans are inherently inclined towards wrongdoing unless strictly controlled shaped the qin dynasty’s approach to law and order.

in conclusion, the statement about gunpowder providing a military advantage is the one that does not accurately describe a characteristic of the qin dynasty, as gunpowder had not yet been invented during that era. all other statements correctly reflect aspects of qin dynasty governance and policies.