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OAE Biology (007) Practice Tests & Test Prep by Exam Edge - Topics


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OAE Biology Exam Blueprint

Understanding the exact breakdown of the OAE Biology test will help you know what to expect and how to most effectively prepare. The OAE Biology has 150 multiple-choice questions The exam will be broken down into the sections below:

OAE Biology Exam Blueprint
Domain Name % Number of
Questions
Nature of Science 20% 30
Biochemistry and Cell Biology 13% 20
Genetics and Evolution 27% 41
Biological Unity and Diversity 20% 30
Ecology and Environment 20% 30

OAE Biology - Exam Topics Sample Questions

A biochemist adds an inhibitor to an enzyme in solution. Adding substrate does not increase the amount of product. When the bath is rinsed and the experiment is repeated, the enzyme functions properly. What can be said about the inhibitor?

Correct Answer:
it is noncompetitive


from the scenario described, several characteristics about the inhibitor used by the biochemist can be inferred. first, the fact that adding more substrate to the enzyme solution does not overcome the inhibition suggests that the inhibitor is likely not a competitive inhibitor. normally, competitive inhibitors work by binding to the active site of the enzyme, which is also the binding site of the substrate. in such cases, increasing the concentration of the substrate can outcompete the inhibitor, eventually restoring enzyme activity. however, in this experiment, the addition of substrate did not reverse the effect of the inhibitor, indicating a different mode of inhibition.

further, the experiment indicates that the inhibitor's effect on the enzyme can be reversed by simply rinsing the bath and repeating the experiment. this observation is crucial because it suggests that the inhibitor does not form a permanent or irreversible bond with the enzyme. this rules out the possibility of the inhibitor being a suicide substrate, which typically binds irreversibly to the enzyme, permanently deactivating it.

given these observations, the inhibitor behaves more like a noncompetitive inhibitor. noncompetitive inhibitors bind to an allosteric site on the enzyme (not the active site) and change the enzyme's shape, which reduces its activity. this type of inhibition cannot typically be overcome by increasing substrate concentration because the inhibitor's effect is not dependent on blocking substrate binding but rather on altering the conformation of the enzyme. the fact that the enzyme activity can be restored by rinsing suggests that the binding between the noncompetitive inhibitor and the enzyme is reversible, not permanently modifying or damaging the enzyme.

therefore, we conclude that the inhibitor used in the experiment behaves as a noncompetitive inhibitor. its effects are not dependent on the substrate concentration and can be reversed, characteristics that are typical of noncompetitive inhibitors. this conclusion is supported by the restoration of enzyme function after the experimental setup was rinsed, indicating the reversibility of the inhibition.

Which of the following describes a temperature inversion?

Correct Answer:
a layer of atmosphere in which temperature increases, rather than decreases with height.
*

*a temperature inversion refers to a reversal in the normal pattern of temperature in the atmosphere, where the temperature increases with altitude instead of decreasing. typically, in the lower layers of the earth's atmosphere (known as the troposphere), the temperature decreases with height. this is mainly because the atmosphere is heated from below as solar radiation warms the earth's surface, which in turn heats the air closest to it. *

*during a temperature inversion, however, this normal temperature gradient is flipped. this can happen under several conditions, such as on clear nights when the ground cools rapidly by radiating heat back into space, or when a warmer, less dense air mass moves over a cooler, denser air mass. high-pressure systems can also contribute to temperature inversions, as they can lead to clear skies and minimal wind, allowing the heat near the surface to be lost quickly and the warm air above to remain in place. *

*the impact of a temperature inversion is significant in terms of air quality and weather conditions. since temperature inversions prevent air near the ground from rising, they effectively trap pollutants such as smoke, dust, and other particulate matter close to the ground. this is why, during a temperature inversion, you might observe phenomena like smoke from a chimney flattening and spreading horizontally upon reaching a certain height instead of dispersing vertically. this trapping effect can lead to severe pollution episodes, particularly in urban areas surrounded by mountains, which further inhibit air movement. *

*furthermore, temperature inversions can affect weather conditions by stabilizing the atmosphere, which can suppress cloud formation and precipitation. this stabilization occurs because the warmer air above cooler air acts as a cap, preventing the upward movement of air that is necessary for cloud development and, subsequently, weather changes. *

*in summary, a temperature inversion is a meteorological phenomenon where the usual decrease of temperature with height reverses, leading to increased temperatures with altitude. this condition can lead to enhanced air pollution near the ground, as well as affect local weather patterns by stabilizing the atmosphere and reducing cloudiness and precipitation. understanding temperature inversions is crucial for meteorologists, environmentalists, and urban planners to manage air quality and predict weather changes more accurately.