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EMT Intermediate 85 - Reviews


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See why our users from 154 countries love us for their exam prep! Including 100 reviews for the EMT i85 exam.

Exam Edge is an industry leader in online test prep. We work with institutional partners to offer a wide array of practice tests that will help you prepare for your big exam. No matter how niche your field of interest might be, we're here to help you prepare for test day.

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EMT Intermediate 85 - Test Reviews Sample Questions

The atrioventricular valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is called the:

Correct Answer:
tricuspid valve
the atrioventricular valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the heart is known as the tricuspid valve. this name is derived from the latin terms "tri-" meaning three and "cuspis" meaning point or cusp, referring to the valve's structure which comprises three flaps or cusps. these cusps are crucial in controlling the flow of blood; they swing open to allow blood to move from the right atrium to the right ventricle and close to prevent the backward flow of blood when the ventricle contracts.

the function of the tricuspid valve, like other heart valves, is to ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart. it plays a significant role in the cardiac cycle, during which the heart expands to fill with blood (diastole) and contracts to pump blood out (systole). during the ventricular systole phase, the increase in ventricular pressure causes the tricuspid valve to close, thus preventing blood from flowing back into the right atrium, ensuring efficient pumping of blood to the pulmonary artery via the right ventricle.

in contrast to the tricuspid valve, the atrioventricular valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle comprises only two cusps and is known as the bicuspid valve or mitral valve. the naming convention here similarly follows the structure, with "bi-" indicating two. each atrioventricular valve is adapted to the specific pressures and demands of its respective side of the heart, with the left side typically facing higher pressures due to its role in pumping blood throughout the entire body.

understanding these valves' anatomy and function is essential in grasping how the heart efficiently maintains the circulation of blood, ensuring that it flows in a correct and controlled manner, which is vital for delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing metabolic wastes. any malfunction in these valves, such as in cases of valve prolapse, stenosis, or regurgitation, can lead to significant cardiac complications, emphasizing the importance of their structural integrity and function in cardiovascular health.

In pregnancy, there is a softening and bluish discoloration of the cervix. This is known as which of the following?

Correct Answer:
chadwick’s sign
in pregnancy, a variety of physiological changes occur in a woman's body to accommodate the developing fetus. one notable change is observed in the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. this change is known as chadwick’s sign.

chadwick’s sign is characterized by a softening and a bluish or purplish discoloration of the cervix. it typically appears around the 6th to 8th week of pregnancy but can be noticed earlier in some cases. this sign is considered one of the early indicators of pregnancy, although it is not used as a definitive diagnostic tool.

the physiological basis for chadwick’s sign is primarily due to increased blood volume and enhanced blood flow to the pelvic region, which occurs as the body prepares to support the growing fetus. during pregnancy, there's an overall increase in blood volume by approximately 30-50%. this increase helps to transport oxygen and nutrients to the placenta and, subsequently, to the fetus. furthermore, the hormone estrogen plays a significant role in this process by promoting the widening (vasodilation) of blood vessels in the pelvic area.

as a result of these changes, there is a higher degree of pelvic blood congestion and an accumulation of lymphatic fluid around the cervix and vagina. this congestion leads to the softening of the cervix (goodell's sign) and the walls of the vagina. the increased presence of this deoxygenated blood gives the cervix a distinctive bluish hue, which is the hallmark of chadwick’s sign.

it’s important to note that while chadwick’s sign is indicative of changes that might suggest pregnancy, it is not exclusive to pregnancy alone. similar symptoms could potentially appear due to other medical conditions. therefore, it should be considered alongside other signs and symptoms in the clinical assessment of a pregnant woman.