Correct Answer: multiple myeloma
the question asks which type of bone tumor is more commonly malignant. the provided options are osteochondroma, multiple myeloma, osteosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. among these, multiple myeloma is the correct answer as it is the most common type of malignant bone tumor.
multiple myeloma specifically affects the plasma cells in the bone marrow. plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that produce antibodies to help fight infections. however, in multiple myeloma, these cells become cancerous and multiply rapidly, crowding out normal cells and causing damage to the bone marrow and the bone itself. this can lead to symptoms such as bone pain, fractures, fatigue, and increased susceptibility to infections.
in contrast, osteochondroma, another option listed, is not a malignant tumor but rather a benign one. osteochondroma arises from the bone's surface and is composed of both bone and cartilage. it is the most common benign bone tumor but does not typically transform into a malignancy.
osteosarcoma, also listed, is indeed a malignant bone tumor but is less common than multiple myeloma. it is the most common primary bone cancer in children and young adults, characterized by aggressive growth and a tendency to spread rapidly. however, in terms of overall incidence among all ages, it falls behind multiple myeloma.
lastly, chondrosarcoma, which originates in cartilage cells, is another type of malignant bone tumor. it tends to grow slowly and is less aggressive than osteosarcoma. chondrosarcoma is more common in adults and is typically found in the pelvis, legs, and arms. despite being malignant, it is not as common as multiple myeloma.
therefore, when considering the prevalence and distribution of malignant bone tumors, multiple myeloma stands out as the most common. it affects a broader demographic and has significant implications for bone health and overall well-being.
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