Correct Answer: emotional disturbance.
the correct classification for a student who has a general mood of depression is "emotional disturbance." according to the individuals with disabilities education act (idea), emotional disturbance is defined as a condition exhibiting one or more of the specified characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree, which adversely affects educational performance. these characteristics can include an inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors; an inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers; inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances; a general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression; or a tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems.
it is important to note that having transient moments of emotional instability does not automatically classify a student as having an emotional disturbance. instead, the disturbances must be significantly long-lasting and have a substantial impact on the student's educational performance. in the context of depression, if a student consistently exhibits a pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression that affects their ability to engage and succeed in educational activities, they may be classified under this category.
depression in students can manifest in various ways that impact their educational experience. for instance, they may show a lack of motivation, withdrawal from social interactions, decreased concentration, or frequent absences, all of which can hinder their academic and social development. recognizing and classifying these symptoms under emotional disturbance is crucial because it can lead to tailored educational support and interventions designed to address the student's specific needs.
other categories mentioned, such as orthopedic impairment, deaf-blindness, and hearing impairment, are characterized by different criteria primarily related to physical disabilities and sensory impairments. these do not generally encompass emotional or mood-related issues like depression. therefore, while a student with an orthopedic impairment or hearing impairment may also experience depression, the classification of emotional disturbance specifically addresses the psychological and emotional aspects that impact their educational performance directly related to their emotional state.
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