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Correct Answer: red blood cell (rbc) count.
zidovudine, also known by its trade name retrovir, is a medication often prescribed to treat hiv, and it is also a key component in the management of aids. this drug functions as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nrti), which inhibits the activity of reverse transcriptase, an enzyme crucial for the replication of hiv. by preventing this enzyme from functioning properly, zidovudine helps to reduce the viral load in the patient's body, slowing the progression of the disease.
however, like all medications, zidovudine comes with potential side effects, one of the most significant being bone marrow suppression. this condition leads to a decrease in the production of blood cells, including red blood cells (rbcs), which can result in anemia. anemia is characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin they contain. since hemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen to the body's tissues, a decrease in rbc count can lead to symptoms of decreased cellular oxygenation. these symptoms might include fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, and pale skin.
given the risk of anemia with zidovudine use, it is critical for healthcare providers to monitor the patient’s red blood cell count regularly. this monitoring helps in early detection and management of anemia. if a significant drop in rbc count is detected, interventions can range from dietary adjustments and supplementation to modifications of the zidovudine dosage or regimen. in severe cases, alternative hiv medications might be considered if the anemia is pronounced and persistent, impacting the patient's quality of life and overall health.
it is important to note that while zidovudine can lead to reductions in red blood cell counts, it does not typically affect other blood parameters such as blood glucose levels, serum calcium levels, or platelet counts. these factors remain stable, and hence, routine monitoring of these parameters is not necessary unless indicated for other clinical reasons. therefore, while caring for a patient on zidovudine, focusing on the red blood cell count is a priority to ensure the patient remains free from the adverse effects of anemia and maintains an optimal level of health.
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