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AMT Medical Laboratory Technician - Blogs Sample Questions

Which of the following antiepileptic drugs has a therapeutic range of 4 – 12 μg/mL?

Correct Answer:
carbamazepine


the antiepileptic drug that has a therapeutic range of 4 – 12 µg/ml is carbamazepine. carbamazepine is widely used in the treatment of various forms of epilepsy, including partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. it functions by stabilizing the inactive state of voltage-gated sodium channels, which reduces the repetitive firing of action potentials in the neurons, thereby controlling seizure activity.

carbamazepine is metabolized primarily in the liver through the cytochrome p450 system, specifically via the cyp3a4 enzyme. this metabolic pathway is important for determining the drug's plasma concentration and ensuring it stays within the therapeutic range. monitoring the plasma levels of carbamazepine is crucial because levels outside the range of 4 – 12 µg/ml can lead to either subtherapeutic effects or toxicity.

the therapeutic range indicates the plasma drug concentration typically associated with the desired therapeutic effect without significant toxicity. for carbamazepine, maintaining a plasma concentration within this range maximizes the efficacy of the drug while minimizing adverse effects.

however, carbamazepine can have several side effects, particularly when plasma levels exceed the upper threshold of the therapeutic range. common toxic effects include dermatological reactions such as rashes, hematological issues like leukopenia (a reduction in white blood cells), and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea. more severe toxicities can include vertigo, febrile reactions, aplastic anemia, and mild liver dysfunction. these adverse effects necessitate careful monitoring and sometimes dosage adjustments or even discontinuation of the drug.

in conclusion, carbamazepine's effective management of seizure disorders, combined with its well-established therapeutic range, makes it a cornerstone in the treatment of epilepsy. however, the potential for significant side effects underscores the importance of careful monitoring and personalized dosing to ensure patient safety and therapeutic efficacy.