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Correct Answer: osmosis
the correct answer to the question regarding the process in which fluid passes through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration is osmosis. here’s a detailed explanation of the concept:
osmosis is a fundamental biological and chemical process where solvent molecules move across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. the goal of this movement is to equalize solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane, creating a state of isotonicity. semipermeable membranes permit the passage of solvent molecules like water but block solute molecules, such as salts or sugars.
this process is vital for many biological functions, especially in maintaining cellular integrity and function. for example, osmosis is crucial for the hydration of cells in various organisms. it helps regulate the internal concentration of body fluids, ensuring cells neither swell excessively (which can lead to bursting) nor shrink (which can result in cellular dehydration).
in the context of the given question, when fluid (solvent) moves towards a higher concentration of solute, it dilutes that concentration until equilibrium is reached. this movement of water can occur naturally in biological systems or can be observed in laboratory settings using artificial semipermeable membranes.
other terms listed in the question, such as plasmaphoresis, flagella, and phagocytosis, describe entirely different processes:
- **plasmaphoresis** involves the removal, treatment, and return or exchange of blood plasma or components in the bloodstream.
- **flagella** are long, whip-like structures that propel organisms or cells through a liquid environment.
- **phagocytosis** is a cellular process where cells engulf and digest particles or other cells, usually as part of the immune response.
therefore, based on the description of fluid movement across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration, the correct answer is unequivocally osmosis. this process is essential for many physiological functions and is one of the most important principles in cellular biology and chemistry.
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