|
Correct Answer: atherosclerosis
atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of the arteries. this process begins when certain factors damage the inner layers of the arteries. these factors include smoking, high levels of certain fats and cholesterol in the blood, high blood pressure, and high amounts of sugar in the blood due to insulin resistance or diabetes.
when damage occurs to the arterial wall, cells within the artery walls multiply and produce other substances that result in a buildup in the arterial walls. cholesterol, fats, and other substances in the blood also accumulate at the site of injury, sticking to the vessel wall. over time, these substances form a plaque that is covered with a fibrous cap. this plaque clogs the artery, leading to reduced blood flow.
the presence of plaque makes the arterial walls thick and stiff, which can inhibit the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the organs and tissues of the body. atherosclerosis can lead to serious problems, including heart attack, stroke, or even death. this condition can be silent for decades; plaques can slowly grow and block blood flow long before symptoms appear.
moreover, parts of the fibrous cap or the plaque itself can break off. when this happens, blood cells called platelets collect at the site to try to repair the artery. this clump of platelets can block the artery, leading to a heart attack or stroke. this is why atherosclerosis is considered a major cardiovascular disease, impacting millions of people worldwide.
preventive measures include maintaining a healthy diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol, engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding tobacco products, and controlling high blood pressure and diabetes. treatments may involve medications, lifestyle changes, or surgical procedures like angioplasty or artery bypass surgery, depending on the severity and location of the artery blockage.
|
